Last time we commenced to explore the significance and upkeep of the rarer trace elements of seawater in recirculating systems because ionic speciation is different from the wild. Herein we continue opting for the safest and most natural replenishment strategies,...
Last time we explored the methods at our disposal for replenishing the foremost trace elements from which Scleractinia build their skeletons. Several other scarcer and important ions become rapidly depleted in recirculating systems while others prevail despite a lack...
One of the most significant and challenging aspects of SPS coral culture is the safe maintenance of calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), and alkalinity because SPS coral biocalcification is the fastest on planet Earth (Cohen & McConnaughey 2003; Munn 2019). Buffering...
Circadian rhythm is defined by one source as “any recurrent sequence of physiological or behavioral activities repeated on a daily basis” (Wallace et al. 1996) which become merely quasi-equivalent to 24 hours in fixed conditions, circa day (dian; Dominoni 2015). It is...
Herein we learn vital management skills that assist in the maintenance of pristine water quality (oligotrophy) while the author imparts vital background that arms the reader with sufficient insight to make informed choices, diagnose irregularities, and formulate...
We discovered in the previous editorial that the fundamental role of each marine life support system is to facilitate efficient degas and regas, which occurs principally in the modern reef aquarium through vigorous water movement and air exposure in an uncovered...
This editorial begins to explore the fundamentals of marine system dynamics which will benefit all aquarists. The optimum solubility ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide in seawater is 1 to 282 (Muangkaew et al. 2002; Dickson 2010) so merely 18 litres of dissolved oxygen...
With breathtaking panache, ostensibly natural, and comparable to unsullied oceanic reefs, aquaria dominated by SPS corals are ultrapure with intense irradiance and water movement that expedites growth. These corals require enduring stability and year-round...
The concluding glimpse into the unseen world of fish gut and gill microbiomes with reference to the impacts of diet, pre-, and pro-biotics. Around 20 kg of farmed finfish is consumed by each person per annum in countries that exploit sophisticated aquaculture...
Another journey into the microscopic world of the various niches provided by fish holobionts with an emphasis on the skin mucosal communities which are the fish’s first line of defence (Banner, personal communication). The skin microbiota of seabass (Dicentrarchus...