Leonard Ho
  • I'm a passionate aquarist of over 30 years, a coral reef lover, and the blog editor for Advanced Aquarist. While aquarium gadgets interest me, it's really livestock (especially fish), artistry of aquariums, and "method behind the madness" processes that captivate my attention.

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Recent Content

One new dwarf goby described, another redescribed


One new dwarf goby described, another redescribed


Eviota flebilis. Photo by T. Suzuki.

The new goby, Eviota bilunula, is only known from Fiji. Specimens were collected at 13.5 m depth.  The redescribed Eviota flebilis is only known from Amami-oshima Island, Kerama Islands and Iriomote-jima, in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. 

New ways to measure fish personality


New ways to measure fish personality


Blood parrot cichlids are a captive bred fish with big personalities.

Aquaculture experts from the University of Stirling and the Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA) tested 61 juvenile and 59 adults of Senegalese sole by subjecting them to multiple distinct behavioral tests to examine how they would individually cope with stresses and assess their ‘fearfulness-reactivity’ and ‘activity-exploration’ personality traits.

Corals and zooxanthallae: A 210 million year old relationship

This polished fossil slab used in the study dates to more than 210 million years ago and contains well-preserved symbiotic corals. The fossils were collected in a mountainous region in Antalya, Turkey, and originated in the Tethys Sea, a shallow sunlit body of water that existed when the Earth’s continents were one solid land mass called Pangea.

Where your corals are collected matters


Where your corals are collected matters


Porites astreoides with Spirobranchus giganteus (Xmas Tree Worms). Photo by Marie Strader

The findings of the study shouldn’t surprise reefkeepers who have long known that the same species collected from different locations can vary greatly in hardiness. 

The puffiest pufferfish


The puffiest pufferfish


Fat angry chipmunck? Pokemon? Nope. A puffed dogface puffer.

Just look at this face.  It may look comical and adorable, but remember that this is the stress response of dogface pufferfish, Arothron nigropunctatus. 

That odor Acros give off when out of water


That odor Acros give off when out of water


Corals exposed to air during low tide smell bad … but for a good reason.

While the smell of corals is a combination of chemicals (coral reefs are a chemical smorgasbord after all), what you’re predominately smelling is a sulfurous compound called dimethylsulfoniopropionate, or DMS for short.