Chasing Numbers

Stoney corals require many things to thrive.  Once the basics are mastered, stability is most important.  Keeping the parameters close to the natural sea water numbers will work every time as long as stability is...

Potassium is an element that needs a second look. Part 2

My experience with potassium was highlighted during an aquaculture project using filtered natural seawater that was low in potassium. I was advised by Steve Garrett, the outdoor coral system trailblazer in California, to make sure to correct this potassium...

How to Acclimate Saltwater Fish

Acclimation procedure is ingrained in every advanced marine aquarist. While it’s of dramatic importance, it seems like no two aquarists use the exact same procedure. Fish stress is a major contributor to loss of...

That perfect lighting schedule – what you need to know

You set up your tank, buy some shiny new lights, plug them into timers and then wait... how long should they be on? What will match your routine? What about the health of your reef? Fish and corals in nature are very aware of the daily cycle, so much so that if you purchase a wrasse from another part of the earth, it will still be on that schedule. I've purchased wrasses in the past that stayed in the sandbed way longer than expected, emerging hours after the lights came on because their internal clock was still calibrated to the previous time zone. After a couple of weeks, it would reset so precisely that it would circle and hover over the perfect spot mere seconds before the lights shut off. Pretty fascinating to watch, I have to tell you.If you have a simple system with T5 bulbs, your options may be limited to how many bulbs you can turn on at a time

Opinion: Selling Baby Seahorses Is Wrong

Seahorse baby being sold far to young in a listing on eBay. It happens every so often. Someone discovers just how easily seahorses breed, but can’t raise the babies, or discover the expense and time it takes to raise seahorses and so they decide they can sell the seahorse fry and make some money doing it. Unfortunately, it’s a mistake and it ends badly for everyone but the seller. To understand why selling seahorse fry is wrong, we need to look at what causes this situation. Seahorses breed extremely easily