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Natural Nitrate & Phosphate Reduction If you want to have a healthy saltwater aquarium that is algae free, you will have to take steps to remove the nitrates and phosphates in your tank. People have come up with a variety of ways to keep nitrates down, from dosing sugar to operating denitrating coils. Our solution is to use macro algae and mangroves. In time, a macro/mangrove planted tank or sump will remove all the nitrates, phosphates, and many of the harmful chemicals from your water.
The ideal refugium/sump utilizes both mangroves and macro algae to achieve the desired results. The reason is because mangroves grow up and out of the aquarium, and require little tank volume to thrive. Below the mangrove theres will remain ample room for macro algae to be grown between the roots of the small trees. This growth helps stabilize the roots of the trees, and give the macro something to cling too. This win-win situation is common in nature.
When it comes to filtering nitrates and phosphates out of an aquarium, no macros are better at achieving results than caulerpa. However, because caulerpa has a tendency to go sexual and release nutrients back into the tank, it should not be kept by the novice aquarist. In order to reduce this risk, make sure to regularly prune the algae so it does not starve, and to keep it well lit. By providing a sump that is lit 24 hours a day, the risk is from this algae is very low. More information on caulerpa can be found in our
growing guides , and our general
macro algae care guide .
The more popular filtering algae is chaeto. While it will not remove nutrients as effectively as caulerpa, it presents a very low risk of going sexual and harming your tank and still does an excellent job. It also grows well thin the root structure of mangroves, and is easy to harvest. Other important filtering algaes include Ulva and Gracilaria - which can be fed to herbivorous fish, keeping your tank self sustaining - to some degree at least.
By adding macro algae and mangroves to your reef system, (either by placing it directly in the display tank or in the refugium), you are bringing your own reef closer to those found in the wild. In nature, every coral reef that benefits from the filtering properties of macro algae. Some reefs are mixed, and include coral and macro algae living side by side, this is similar to placing macro algae directly in your display reef tank. Other systems have extensive macro algae fields in the "back reef", and have their nutrients washed out to mangrove islands before the water returns. Such reefs are found extensively in the Florida Keys.This is similar to having a system where the refugium/sump is filled with macro algae and mangroves and the display tank is coral dominated.
By carefully utilizing mangroves and macro algae, your tank will be able to outcompete nuisance algae from forming, and your tank's overall health will greatly improve.