goldfish, like most carp, spawn in the spring-the 'triggers' are the increasing daylight hours and gradual warming of the water
if you want to spawn them indoors, you'll probably have to keep them very cool over the winter, so they go into the 'hibernation' mode carp enter for winter
the males will get groups of very tiny 'pimples' on their gill plates, which they use to rub the sides and belly of the female to induce her to lay her eggs
the eggs are adhesive, and will stick to what they touch-most people use a 'spawning mop', or fine leaved plants, like hornwort, or myrophillium
the eggs fungus up quite easily, and the fry need very tiny foods, like infusoria, green water, etc.
most that are kept in ponds will spawn quite readily and easily, as louey indicated
hth