I suspect that you are either adding too much or adding too quickly. As a result, calcium carbonate is being precipitated from the water, appearing a white dust, and naturally the calcium and alkalinity in your tank then collapse.
But you talk of 10 kH and 5.6 dkH. "kH" is carbonate hardness (in fact, you probably are measuring total alkalinity, but we still call it carbonate), and dkH is "degrees" of carbonate hardness. Ie, you measure kH in dkH.
So I'm a little confused, tho' I suspect my analysis is correct.
Some say adding limewater reduces phosphates and I assume that this is what you are attempting ? It should also reduce CO2 in the water, tho' I'm not sure if hair algae utilise CO2.
But are you also monitoring phosphates and trying to reduce them directly using a phosphate absorbing material, and of course checking that your water source contains none.
kim