...The reviews of carbon are all over the place....
Richard,
The author from the Advanced Article was at the MR Swap, so I drilled him. This guy and Advanced Aquarist are really cool, because they actually try to evaluate claims with scientific data. Best of all, this on-line magazine is free ( and is frequently, over my head, ha,ha).
Anyway, the consensus is that nothing is totally effective, such as using a skimmer, running carbon, running gfo, etc.
The trick is that each one of these ( skimmer, running carbon, running gfo ) is "somewhat effective" and using these methods combined, really helps.
On a separate subject, this same article compared skimmers and it was found that claims on effectiveness were also all over the place. Basically, one the most effective skimmers and a low end skimmer actually worked best.
So again, nothing works 100% and it is the combined effort that produces effective husbandry.
For instance, years ago, I use to fight high nitrates, etc. I learned later, it was much more effective to have a smaller bio load, and that in itself, has helped more than trying to fix overstocked tanks,with many gismos, etc.
Like in my tank, phosphates and nitrates are 0 measured with a Salifert test kit.
"The other surprise, is how many tank crashes occur and how frequently these rare events really occur is much more frequent than you would think. The trick is to try to minimize these failures and plan." This is true for many other things as well. People tend to believe these events will hardly ever happen because they play the odds and these events seem to happen more frequently than expected. Just ask anyone who has played the stock market for a long time and this seems to be true...
Separate subject, not for this forum, ha,ha...